Elixir provides a number of functions to test the type of a variable.

is_atom(variable)
is_binary(variable)
is_bitstring(variable)
is_boolean(variable)
is_float(variable)
is_function(variable)
is_function(variable, arity)
is_integer(variable)
is_list(variable)
is_map(variable)
is_number(variable)
is_pid(variable)
is_port(variable)
is_reference(variable)
is_tuple(variable)